Physical properties of minerals are distinct that in most cases can be used for their identification. By examining hand specimens by visual inspection or using a hand lens. Rarely is a mineral identified by a single property. These properties need to be considered together to correctly identify a mineral. All minerals have certain properties that … Read more
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act) provides a legal and regulatory framework for mining operations in India, including the granting of licences and leases, payment of royalties, and the development of minerals, ensuring that mining activities are conducted in a sustainable, transparent, and regulated manner. Below is a structured summary … Read more
Metallogeny is the study of the genesis of mineral deposits, with emphasis on their relationship in space and time to regional petrographic and tectonic features of the Earth’s crust. The term has been used for both metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits.
The term “dispersion” describes how elements disseminated outwards from the place of its origin. A “dispersion halo” is defined as a region surrounding a mineral deposit, characterized by metal concentrations that are lower than the deposit itself but are comparatively higher than the background levels in the surrounding rocks. Dispersion halos can be classified as … Read more
Cement serves as a crucial binder in construction, facilitating the setting, hardening, and adherence of various materials. Typically inorganic, cement used in construction primarily consists of lime or calcium silicate. Cement grade limestone, a specific type of limestone, serves as a vital raw material in cement production. The quantity of limestone required correlates directly with … Read more
Metallogeny is the study of how mineral deposits form and are distributed across regions and globally, focusing on their relationship to the Earth’s crust’s petrologic and tectonic features over time and space. The evolutionary sequence of changes in the Earth’s crust and mantle over geological time is now widely recognized. These transformations have played a … Read more
The Earth’s interior comprises different layers with varying physical properties and compositions. The layered structure of the Earth has been interpreted based on the studies of seismic waves, magnetic fields, meteorites, and other physical properties. Internal Structure Based on Chemical Composition Base on the chemical composition, the internal structure of the earth is divided majorly … Read more
Major oxides are basic elements found in rocks and minerals that get formed when oxygen is combined with other elements. Major oxides in rocks and minerals, such as silica, alumina, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc., are important to study in geology for a number of reasons. 1. For categorization of Rocks Major oxides … Read more
The Bowen’s Reaction Series is a concept in geology that explains the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma. The series was developed by Canadian geologist Norman L. Bowen in the early 20th century. Bowen began a series of laboratory experiments to establish the sequence of silicate minerals crystallization from a melt. To carry … Read more
Manganese concentrations in the seafloor are particularly well developed in deep, calm waters far from continental margins and active volcanic ridges. Manganese deposits form in ocean basins that receive little sediment that would otherwise bury them. Such areas include abyssal plains and elevated areas of the seabed, such as seamounts and isolated shallow shoals. Potential … Read more